digital share, Technology Knowledge, IT News

To audio and video systems and digital photo frame into one

Sun, 19 Aug 2012 21:35:00 -0400

Digital Photo Frame support high quality audio and video playback not impossible. Panasonic to build a new model, the introduction of new multimedia music digital photo frame MW-10, photos, videos and music integration player, bringing an unparalleled unique experience.

10W (RMS) output of the MW-10 music player supports CD, iPod and FM / AM radio, bamboo unit speaker to JVC BN-VF808U Battery Charger reproduce clear sound diffuser in front of the speaker unit can sound extends to the larger context, so that the home can comfortably enjoy the gentle sound, MW-10 with D.Bass function to enhance the bass effect, according to the volume is small, the body can also output audio quality.

9-inch WVGA LCD display MW-10 can clearly demonstrate stored in a CD, SD memory cards and photos Built-in 4GB memory, with CD, iPod or FM / AM in play background music, without interruption as a slide show relive all the memorable moments. Users in addition to can choose to view photos full-screen mode, MW-10 scheme is also applicable to display two screens to display photos at the same time, another screen displays song title, calendar or clock, easy to use.

MW-10 iPod docking support to play music and video files, as long as the use of randomly attached to Nikon EN-EL10 Battery Charger the remote control you can easily adjust the playback settings. MW-10 are now available at the Panasonic showroom and major retailers on sale at a suggested retail price is HK $ 2,990 -.

Name Panasonic Multimedia Music Digital Photo Frame

Model MW of-10

Speaker unit 4cm Full Range (bamboo unit speaker)

Support playback of media CD (CD-DA) CD-R/-RW (JPEG, CD-DA), SD Memory Card (JPEG), an iPod (music and film)

Built-in memory Panasonic CGR-DU06 Battery Charger 4GB (JPEG playback, you can copy the photo files in the SD Memory Card and CD-R/RW)

Volume

(W x H x D) 252 × 202 × 150 (mm)

Weight 1.9 kg

Wireless remote control have

Suggested retail price of HK $ 2,990

Buy a new digital camera started

Sun, 15 Jul 2012 23:31:42 -0400

1, view the documentation

Many users do not like the thick, cumbersome product brochures, and generally like to buy a digital camera to repurchase its own fumble. Of course, to explore the process there will be some surprises, but this will take a lot of time, and can not be the shortest possible time to JVC AA-V16, AA-VG1 Charger understand characteristics of the product in your hands; If you have read the instructions say that after the operation, to avoid some errors operation. Early contact with the new, should be a brief browse back to the manufacturers intentions assembly manual to familiarize yourself with the basic menus and functions of digital cameras. Later some unknown can also double it will be harvested.

2, a reasonable choice of image format

Speaking of digital image format, there are JPEG, TIFF and RAW three kinds, the first two are mainly used in household digital camera. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) compression format, you can use different compression ratio to compress image files, advanced technology is very little effect on image quality, so a wide range of applications, especially on the network. The TIFF format is the preferred format for users who demand high-quality image processing, lossless compression for storage. RAW format is directly read the sensor (CCD or CMOS) on the original record data, means that these data have not been exposure compensation, color balance and processing, so favored by professionals in non-compressed and non-destructive format its storage capacity is less than the TIFF format, and can improve shooting efficiency (storage time, single-frame shooting interval time).

Several major contrast to the above picture output format, we know if the photos on the web, 2 million pixel digital camera is fully capable to meet the requirements; if it is within the 6-inch prints photos or print less than A4 size, then 300 megapixel is enough to complete the task; If there is a higher, more professional requirements, depending on the specific needs of the

3, the composition and Thinking

For photography have a certain understanding of the users clearly understand the importance of accurate composition. Such as: If it were not shooting close-up, should generally be the principal on the screen 1/3, try to avoid the messy background, shot from a particular perspective, try to capture the details and personality of the objects, the use of a slash or curve background composition makes the overall picture looks more lively.

Correctly used up, and light dialogue

Soul of photography alone. Therefore we have to pay attention to changes in light, not only the intensity of light, there is light in the direction, dedication and light dialogue. : Sunset to sunset dyed red, a symbol of romance; the dark sky showing a gray, cool colors, a symbol of depression; removed a bunch of the sun in the shade, the transmission out of joy, pleasant mood …

6, do not blind faith in the automatic mode of the DC

First of all, and a traditional camera, another difference is that DC has a white balance. This is somewhat similar to traditional photography in color temperature, it is precisely because the beginners did not attach importance to this white balance, so will the production of color cast. DC is generally automatic, indoor, outdoor, manual four modes, for beginners trust the AUTO tend to shoot the picture side of a color, as long as we carefully pay attention to the LCD viewfinder can be seen. When we have just taken to a kind, the kind generally in favor of one color, blue, then DC’s white balance automatically biased in favor of blue, and then shot the other in-kind naturally color cast. Although this will be reflected on the LCD, but the beginners in general did not find. The same time, some models are not perfect, such as: SONY The DC has a status of “Blue Syndrome” in the indoor mode, so we still possible, use the manual white balance as well. Moreover, we must pay close attention to the LCD color changes, a finding that the white is not white, you have to re-take the light to correct the white balance of the white kind. In addition, some digital cameras with the auto bracket white balance function, in order to record accurate color information.

Second, the aperture and shutter control. Recommended if it manually should also use the manual mode, automatic mode is usually shot out of the picture dim, especially the window, the noise also. Because when shooting indoors, DC generally will automatically enhance the ISO value, the sensitivity and image quality is inversely proportional relationship, namely the choice of equivalent sensitivity the higher the image quality is degraded. This is similar to the characteristics of traditional photographic materials, this feature has become more evident only in the digital camera. Traditional photography, we choose different film sensitivity or through speed sensitized “to change the sensitivity when shooting, but digital cameras can not do so, it can only improve by increasing the sensitivity of the CCD and the circuit gain speed of response of the CCD, that is, at the expense of doing so will produce a signal to noise filtering performance and resolution targets at the expense, and eventually leave marks on the screen, and traditional high-sensitivity film is very similar to coarse particles. With a digital camera, if you want to get a good image quality should be low-equivalent sensitivity, or directly fixed at the minimum.

Again, DC has a macro mode, and digital camera aperture is generally large, up to about F2.0. In automatic mode, the camera program also tend to use a larger aperture to shorten the shutter time to prevent vibration. Photographic common sense tells us that the contraction of the camera lens is generally shrink from the maximum aperture of photographs about the two best. Especially in macro mode, such as: SONY DSC-S75 take some phone keys, only the middle part of the crisp and clear, with a slight peripheral blur. Therefore, we had better use Aperture Priority or Manual mode, use a smaller aperture to expand the depth of field. If the camera has no aperture priority feature, you can try to maximize the ambient light, the camera automatically selects a smaller aperture, or using the flash, image quality can be improved.

Understand the aperture, aperture priority and depth of field photography icing on the cake

The aperture size used to control the luminous flux in the lens unit of time, to put it bluntly, the size of the aperture will determine the light passing through the strength of the lens, its size will directly affect the digital photos we shot out of the imaging quality . Such as the shutter the same time, the larger the aperture the more bright photos, but if the aperture is too large, then, there will be overexposed. Traditional camera or digital camera, the aperture value using the letter “f” to represent the aperture the smaller the value, on behalf of the aperture of the aperture the greater the amount of light into the more, and vice versa, the less the amount of light, so, usually in shooting called “increase the aperture” refers to the value of the aperture transfer of small, light holes increase the mean. Such as one from f5.6 to transfer large to f4, or more a f2.8 and so on, we do not remember correctly.

As the name suggests, aperture priority subject is to manually set the aperture value by the digital camera to cope with the parameters given shutter automatically according to the prevailing circumstances and light, when in the same environment, the smaller the aperture the more incoming light less, the camera will automatically extend the exposure time of the shutter and aperture priority in digital cameras generally use the “A” to represent.

Refers to the depth of field in the first lens focus adjustment, the distance between the image farthest part and part, this part of the screen should have clear details that can be accepted, in practice, the larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field, close range very clear, has a decisive role for high-definition close-up photos; the smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field, foreground and background objects are relatively clear, but it is not so favorable for shooting moving objects.

In addition, the depth of field, there are two important effects: First, Macro depth of field than the subject in a remote location to be small; the same aperture and scene distance. The longer the lens focal length, the smaller the resulting depth of field, which we can see that the depth of field size (also known as depth) of the control in fact, that is, the aperture size control.

8 Using the shutter

Shutter speed when taking pictures control exposure parameters of the length of time representation for the shutter speed, and use the appropriate number to set, for example, 1/4 seconds, 1/60 sec, respectively so that the current setting The pore size of the aperture for 1/30 seconds, 1/60 seconds is not difficult to see, the use of different parameters of the shutter to keep the duration of the unit aperture, and also can control the amount of light shooting, that is, exposure volume, such as mentioned above, 1/30 seconds is 1/60 seconds twice, at a time through the aperture is the amount of light is also a twice relationship, then in turn, 1/30 seconds and 1/15 seconds of the half time through the aperture is the amount of light will be reduced by half.

Actual shooting, we can adjust the shutter speed to achieve different effects, for example, looks like the flow of vehicles River “or the solidification of the droplets, they are using a slow shutter and high (fast) speed shutter to to achieve. Of course, also pay attention to when using the proper combination of shutter and aperture.

First, it depends on our creative ideas. For example, we intend to capture rapid action of the moment, first to ensure that these factors is the shutter, such as 1/125 second shutter speed will be basically capturing the pedestrian walking motion without making the characters change virtual. The shutter speed based on the current light and desired depth of field effect to select the size of the aperture. In fact, through a combination of different shutter speeds and aperture, the amount of exposure they reach is the same, but they are suitable for the shooting conditions and shooting out the effect of different order. For example, in full sun to 1/125 sec shutter and f11 aperture, get exposure with the shutter and aperture were 1/250 second, f8 is the same.

Shutter priority with aperture priority, we manually set the shutter speed and the size of the aperture by the camera automatically to cope with the Under normal circumstances, handheld shooting shutter speed is best not to less than 1/60 seconds, otherwise it is easy to grip unstable camera, make the picture fuzzy. Of course, if anyone, is enough or use a tripod, they do not have to worry about stability issues, digital cameras, shutter priority, general and “S” to indicate.

Shutter the main scope of application objects and occasions in the shooting sports, and intend to take the appropriate long accumulation of experience, for example, in a shooting walk or fast-moving, the shutter speed is set at about 1/250 sec appropriate, so JVC BN-VG121 Battery Charger you can relatively clear and there is no jitter screen; to shoot faster free fall or speeding objects, you need the shutter speed to 1/400 seconds; To take a very quick flight will have more than 1/800 seconds. Conversely, if you want to shoot some swords and other relatively vague and otherwise the mood of the photo, the relative lower shutter will get better results, such as 1 second, 1/2 seconds.

9, have a lens maintenance tools

For the camera, the lens is the most easily damaged parts. To protect the lens, a UV lens is essential. Another lens paper, lens brush, blow pump and lens cleaning fluid is a common tool to clean the lens.

Body maintenance tool in the maintenance and upkeep of the entire body, a camera bag is also essential. In addition to put the camera can also put the battery, various lenses, memory cards, lens paper goods.

10, the proper use of a tripod

Tripod known as “the world’s most practical shock system,” Indeed, in the light environment is not satisfactory when the tripod is very large. For users with a more high-end consumer digital camera, a tripod in a number of occasions to use, for example, shooting night scenes, the macro as well as poor lighting conditions, easy to hand tremors.

11, teleconverter and wide angle lenses of the auxiliary equipment

Many users use their own digital cameras, often feeling is not big enough to not wide-angle telephoto is not enough long, if you often upset about the limitations of the camera lens, it is recommended you as soon as possible to purchase a suitable growth away from the mirror or wide-angle lens, but do not blindly buy, if you frequently use the telephoto do not mind a small wide-angle end, and then buy a suitable multiple of teleconverter on it, contrary to purchase only the wide-angle lens . Of course, if both ends need to be extended had to buy two.

Basic information and terminology Detailed digital camera

Sun, 17 Jun 2012 21:45:00 -0400

First, understand the camera

1 pixel resolution pixel is the basic unit of digital imaging, each pixel is a dot, and the different colors of dots (pixels) come together into a stunning photographs, digital cameras, often in pixels as the basis of Nikon MH-18a Battery Charger classification However, many people think that the number of pixels is the number of sensitive points on the CCD photosensitive element, in fact, this statement is not entirely correct, many manufacturers through a special technology, the same point of light-sensitive CCD photosensitive unit resolution more digital photos, such as: Fuji, the SuperCCD Epson HyPic technology. What are the relationship between pixels and resolution? Buy Shiyou how to interpret these two figures?

★ The higher the image resolution, more pixels required, for example: resolution of 640 × 480 image takes about 310 000 pixels, 2084 × 1536 picture, you will need up to 3.14 million pixels.

★ resolution can have multiple values, the camera resolution, the more the higher the flexibility to shoot and save pictures.

★ picture resolution and the output image size and zoom ratio, the higher the resolution, the larger the image size, the higher the magnification.

The total number of pixels the CCD contains the total number of pixels. However, due to the CCD edge of the exposure to light, so part of the shooting do not have access. Subtracted from the total number of pixels in this part of the pixel is the effective number of pixels. Read the product manual, remember to pay attention to the effective number of pixels that can be used for the actual shot, rather than the total number of pixels.

The quality of the lens and shutter lens directly affect the quality of the camera. Under normal circumstances, the vendor has a deep background of a traditional camera, digital camera lens will be more outstanding.

★ focal length due to the special digital camera lens specifications, can not forecast the range of the scene can take from this data, manufacturers would most likely increase in the lens focal length parameter traditional camera equivalent 35mm focal length value. Souvenir or living according to, just to buy a fixed lens model, if there are diverse needs, with three or more optical zoom capability camera would be more appropriate. The focal length, also known as focal length, usually refers to the length of the distance in the clear imaging of the lens axis line to the center of the image, the camera refers to the focal length of lens group as a whole, in units of mm (millimeters). Longer the focal length the narrower the angle of the lens viewing area, but with a zoom close effect, like the lens of the telescope; the shorter the focal length, shooting range is larger, relatively small objects will be suitable for shooting at close range than the The big scene, that is, we often say that the wide-angle lens. For digital cameras, the focal length of the longer, the longer the depth of the lens group, and also can be found on the camera lens f = 5.5mm or 5.5mm sort of data, however, universal digital camera lens focal length than the average 35 mm camera is much shorter, so vendors and more will be stated on the similar: the equivalent of a 35mm camera’s 36mm lens “for the user for comparison.

The larger the aperture of the the ★ aperture range, more able to adapt to the lack of light, if two or more aperture value, camera application flexibility. The aperture is one of the important mechanism affecting the exposure control device, usually refers to the portfolio in the lens group of about 5-9 foil to form different sized circles to control access within the lens how much. The larger the aperture, more light per unit time into the The aperture size expressed in figures, the higher the number the smaller the aperture the less, that is, the amount of incoming light. Lens marked refer to the lens’ maximum aperture is fully open value, such as: 1:3.2, but the zoom lens on you will see a 9.2-28mm1 :2.8-3 .9 marker expressed in focal length of 9.2mm when the maximum aperture is F2.8, focal length maximum aperture of 28mm when compared to F3.9.

★ shutter digital camera shutter can support 2 to 1/1000 seconds have been able to meet the general requirements, of course, if you can have a wider range of shutter, more in line with a variety of rigorous shooting conditions, such as shooting fast-moving objects or the quiet night sky . Used to adjust the camera’s shutter exposure time, in seconds, is the countdown to represent, for example: 30,250 mean is 1/30 seconds, 1/250 seconds, so the lower the number, the shutter speed is slower. The faster the shutter speed, the more likely to capture fast-moving images, and general photography is not easy to shake cause image blur, but speed may lead to insufficient amount of light, usually high-speed shutter must be used in strong light, or with the aperture amplification. Low light, slow shutter speed is more suitable, but may need a tripod auxiliary.

3. Macro Macro is the theme that you want to shoot closer, zoom, focusing on small objects made into the size you want, in macro mode, a variety of digital camera capabilities of the Parties, and some can even be close to 0.1 centimeters to Macro.

4 other functions such as eliminating red-eye flash, white balance, exposure compensation, will have greater flexibility for shooting in a variety of environments.

★ automatic white balance correction of the photosensitive part of the digital camera equivalent of a traditional camera film, digital camera sensor is fixed, and therefore requires the use of white balance correction capability to react to the changes generated by the light source. It is mainly designed for the photosensitive under different circumstances, different light sources will produce different levels of color deviation, may make the color blue, yellow, and white balance correction can be corrected.

★ Exposure Compensation when the camera’s auto exposure function in gray by reflected light amount of light as the standard for comparison, in the shooting screen, if too much white (reflected light), the amount of light will be higher than the photometric standard values, so The camera will be misled into believing that light strong and narrow aperture, causing the photo underexposed phenomenon, white part is not enough white. Exposure compensation for this situation, exposure up 1 or 2 grid in order to have bright image. In turn, the majority of black conditions, the exposure decreased by 1 or 2 grid.

Many consumers do not understand the digital camera, one-sided that, like pixels high. In fact, not at all. Buy digital cameras, both digital and optical characteristics.

A digital camera lens. Well designed high-end camera lenses by multiple sets of lenses, and contains a non-spherical lens, fluorite or glass can significantly reduce the color cast and the maximum inhibition of the graphic distortion, distortion and expensive material selection to do the lens. Household and semi-professional camera lens to reduce weight and reduce costs, the use of synthetic resin lens.

2, digital cameras like the value of the CCD. CCD is the heart of the digital camera is also one of the main factors affect the manufacturing cost of digital cameras. Thus become an important criterion to divide the grade of a digital camera. At present, the entry-level is 300-500 million pixel-level products, commercial and semi-professional users tend to more than one product in the 5-10 million pixels.

3, digital camera zoom. Optical zoom, the zoom is the real deal will not affect the image quality of the photos; digital zoom is electronic zoom, is the loss of picture sharpness at the expense of local amplification.

4, digital camera batteries and power consumption. Digital camera with LCD display and built-in flash, so the battery consumption than traditional cameras. Batteries are cheap, you can buy anytime, anywhere, but not according to how long the battery no electricity. Therefore, the best choice for models equipped with rechargeable lithium batteries mainstream digital products are certified to design for lithium batteries, while providing a full range of charging equipment as an accessory.

5, additional features. More means using a digital camera more fun, more versatile. For example, many digital cameras have video output function, can be connected to view photos on TV; can set your own boot images and shutter sounds like a cell phone; some can have short-time digital video feature. Digital camera driver installation should be very simple, and can quickly download pictures, has a picture preview. Canon digital camera comes with software, for instance, improve, manage your photos can be categorized, the print settings are varied, and can simply modify the picture.

The image sensor is the decisive factor in the performance of the camera, under normal circumstances, the image sensor pixel values should be greater than the maximum pixel value of the real film images. Some manufacturers in order to compensate for the lack of image sensor pixels, using software interpolation to increase image pixel values, in fact, this interpolation can be achieved in almost all the image processing software, so no practical significance. When you purchase a certain hardware pixel values of the image sensor instead of the output image pixels based on the value.

Digital camera photography information recorded in the semiconductor components known as CCD (charge coupled device), rather than silver halide camera film. CCD size and the TV is the same as the length of the diagonal inches, 1.27 inches (Note). CCD greater the pixel is more, the sensitivity higher. Therefore, the same number of pixels, the CCD the greater, the quality is better. The CCD size of 1/2.7 inch (4.0mm × 5.3mm) 1/2 inch (4.8mm × 6.4mm) 1/1.8 inch (5.19mm × 6.91mm) 2/3-inch (6.6mm × 8.8mm) Note: 1. inch equals 2.54cm CCD of digital cameras, said consistent with the TV picture tube.

Second, the purchase of the four cardinal principles

• For the average home user is limited to home entertainment, at the same time very concerned about the practicality of the powerful features and cost-effective durability is preferred. Currently on the market accounted for the main force of 3 million and 5 million pixel model to meet the imaging needs, a variety of shooting modes, a wide ISO value setting range, high-speed and accurate focus is the necessary features, while ensuring the durability of the metal The shell is also essential considerations.

● For those who seek stylish consumers, shape design and highlights features tight integration is the preferred standard. Compact size, bright colors and comfortable feel is necessary, and some highlights features such as macro shooting function is even more such products icing on the cake.

● If you are a professional-class users, the focus is on the ultimate pursuit of image quality. Manual operation is essential, interchangeable lenses, more than six million pixel CMOS image sensor and a variety of image recording mode is the protection of high image quality, if the kit price with highly explosive million or less, more professional photographers rush.

● A final consideration is where to buy. Regular digital camera sales counter will ensure that your camera “origin”. Purchase should be considered a brand, because it is the overall quality of digital cameras and after-sales service support.

Third, buy the camera’s ready to step

Step 1: Identify the use and purpose of the purchase of the camera

It is very important to determine the use and purpose of the purchase of the camera, only to understand their needs, we can choose targeted acquisitions to buy the machine you really need. Otherwise, it is possible to spend a lot of money to buy back the camera, the results found that the function can not meet their own requirements, or the function of too many will never use. We can think of to buy a digital camera is used for what. For example: some friends to buy a digital camera is to go out and travel; some friends hoping to study photography; some friends want to macro photography; course, some people want to make the portrait close-up pictures or newly born children to their pictures taken. In summary must clearly consumption.

Photo output also need to be considered in advance, taking into account whether you need a large print of the photo or just the screen point of view. Through such considerations, we can decide the need to purchase the number of pixels of the machine, if we only point of view on the screen, then the 3 million pixel machine has enough. If you want to print, but also to print to more than 10 inches, then we need to buy as high as possible pixel camera.

Step 2: Determine the psychological level

Determine the use and purpose of purchasing a camera, we should be determined in accordance with their economic capacity and can withstand the psychological level, such as 3000 to 4000 yuan or 6000 ~ 7000 yuan. This can help us save a lot of time, you can choose the time to better purpose. DC or a luxury, so we must do what, comparing ourselves to others does not make sense, just enough.

The third step: to collect information through various channels

The preliminary collection of information is very important, allows us to have some knowledge of the machine to buy. There are many ways to collect product information, first, many manufacturers introduced digital cameras, there will be some publicity pictorial, we can go to the vendors used to look at. Secondly, media advertising is a very important way, today’s IT newspapers and digital camera ads, we should look at. Again, a lot of digital magazines or the number of newspapers are devoted to introduce a digital camera or digital camera for evaluation, we can also buy some perspective.

If possible, you can download the corresponding camera’s manual to see. This is very good for the purchase of machinery: on the one hand can make you more familiar with the machine, on the other hand allows you to be prepared for the time of purchase, can carry out basic operations. I liked to read the instructions.

Technical information to allow us to understand the appearance and function of the digital camera. We should go and see the actual photographs. So you can know you are concerned about the DC characteristics, such as color, quality, and so on. Understand this we can go digital photography site.

Step 4: roughly the decision models

Product data collection is very important, which will allow us to fully understand the characteristics of digital cameras. But look at these data, we can only perceptual, only actually go and see the machine or even go to trial some, we have a rational understanding of the machine. This requires us to go to the mall. We can look at the window or counter display prototype real machine may be the photo looks different, might be better to see some. We can also look at people to buy the machine and listen to what is being said. Of course, we can let the business out of the machine, the actual touch, some operations. Machine depends on the price we have to ask, the the Inquiries price to pay attention to the purchase of the business usually left counteroffer room. Also to ask what price they quoted the price of mainstream or parallel imports.

Step 5: choose the right time to buy

Decided to buy the machine, it is necessary to select the “auspicious” to buy back the DC. I said, “auspicious” In fact, saw the opportunity to rapidly changing the price of digital products, so the judgment of the market is still very important. However, the very clear point is that, as far as possible to avoid to be purchased at the front of the holidays. Purchase of the machine before the Festival, certainly, the price will not be cheap.

Buy a camera site Privacy Policy

Buy a camera when we need to be carefully examined to avoid buying a defective or JS (profiteers) cheat. Here we give a detailed step of the testing machine, as long as we do as described below, must not be a problem:

1 do not Xianba Qian paid to the JS, be sure to check after the payment of;

Look at the packaging is not very old, very old, there may be others down the JS store has long been the product;

(3) open the box to look inside the box accessories have been used or significantly apart over the traces; particular attention to the battery pin there are no scratches;

(4). The appearance of the machine. To see the body there are no scratches, including the lens, LCD, EVF, and the shell;

Try to shoot, and zoom to see the distance whether it can shoot. If you are not familiar with the machine will buy when the test machine can be taken using the AUTO file. In addition, the flash have to try;

Then a closer look at the LCD and EVF have no dead pixels. Hand slightly block the lens, so you can see a more solid color images, or the front of the white paper and dark paper.

7.CCD key components of the DC, if there are dead pixels will affect shooting. Is difficult to see directly on the DC CCD dead pixels, so picture import PC look. Businesses where no computer, suggestions and businesses to talk about certain OZ, and then go home satisfied staying tests;

How to test dead pixels

Talk about how to test dead pixels before, we have to explain what is dead pixel. Simply speaking, the CCD will never point of the light-sensitive, this is always lit. Usually always lit up, but not bright. So why have dead pixels to produce? CCD manufacturing. Although the technology has developed, but the CCD is still unable to guarantee a high yield. Like the LCD, there may be a spot defects. So we need after bought the machine to test something.

Test of the dead pixels is relatively simple. We can use two ways to test: one with eyes to see the original. In fact, this method is relatively straightforward, but be careful, otherwise easy to miss the point. The second is to use the software testing. The dead pixel test software is now the most popular DEADPIXEL. Usually sell the DC, if the computer has the software there.

Before the test, we first of all to shoot some photos of all black, the general picture is not tested, this is very critical. For the machine with the lens cap, we need only covered the lens cover shoot. If there is no lens cap such as Casio, then we can put in the flat on the table, Hou - the point of the paper, the DC lens down lens deduction taken on paper. It should be noted that we must not allow light into the lens inside, but also not too hard, so easy to damage the machine.

The shooting parameters can be set to maximum aperture, the ISO 100. As for the shutter, we need to select the 1/60 and the slowest shutter. That is, the shutter speed shooting each one.

After the shooting, we can import photos to your computer and open DEADPIXEL tested. After opening this software, we can see the interface as shown below. Click “Browse” button, select the photos that we need to test. Then press the TEST button, the results will appear. If the 1/60 photos test more than 10 a lot of noise, then try to replace it, or it may affect the shooting.

Check the accessories are usually in the packaging box with a list and detailed description of the number of random accessories, we can according to the inventory.

Accessories for purchase

To buy the DC of course, need to buy some accessories, so that we can shoot better. Accessories is actually quite important, if you buy well, it may affect our normal shooting. Often we may need to purchase a memory card, batteries and chargers, UV and Ring, camera bag, tripod, etc.. Some people like to buy a digital camera, look at the whole roof. I think the place to buy sell, DC These are certainly not cheap in price. In addition to the memory card, something else or should go to specialized photographic equipment shops to buy, so that not only reliable quality and prices are also cheaper. The following categories to talk about the purchase of these parts need to pay attention to the place.

Memory card: buy a memory card to take into account their daily shooting, combined with their own DC to determine the capacity of the card will need to purchase. Secondly, we need to consider the brand of the card. Market card brand, card brand in a sense determines the quality of the card. Kingston (the kingstone) the CF card, SD card, Toshiba (TOSHIBA) Although this brand of card speed quickly, but the quality is absolutely first class, compatibility is also good. Again, we have to consider the speed of the card. Normal speed and high-speed card sales card, if you need to shoot RAW or even photos of the TIFF format, and then try to buy high-speed card.

General there are two batteries and chargers: DC battery, a rechargeable lithium battery, a nickel-metal hydride batteries in the AA (5). For rechargeable lithium batteries I recommend everyone to a regular store to buy, on the one hand, quality assurance, the addition the hand Maidaojiahuo probability not less. Nickel-metal hydride batteries GP super battery is not very expensive, but the quality is first class, of course, the country’s products are not that bad. We try to buy a large capacity, such as 2000mAh. Charger, a lot of digital cameras randomly presented here is not described in detail.

UV and Ring: UV digital camera, the main function is to protect the lens. Not need to buy this, I think first of all depends on what machine. If the machine is relatively compact, then do not consider good. Because usually UV can rely on the Adapter or adapter barrel mounted on the machine, thus increasing the volume of the camera. If the machine itself is relatively large, such as the Canon EOS350D, so that it is more suitable. UV brand, it is recommended to consider the multi-layer coating. We have to consider the purchase of the UV UV caliber, if this is not very familiar, then you can take the camera to buy. In addition, generally installed UV random original lens cap may not stamped. We need to matched with a.

Camera bag: we must put the position of accessories, but also to take the machine to buy. Only in this way may be to buy the right. The camera bag is not the bigger the better, but for the best. Moreover, you should package materials, try to buy a waterproof package.

Tripod: the selection of the tripod to be aware of its stability, do not buy threw. In addition to pay attention to the weight, if you are able-bodied and just need to exercise, then this would not prove a problem. The largest on the market the the the Weifeng brand, the brand Panasonic Lumix DMC-GF3 Battery Charger of the tripod is relatively cheap, and things can also. Imported brand in Japan Admiralty has a long history, many of the top photographers to choose this brand. The price is not expensive.

Distinguish between parallel mainstream skills

Guests often ask me, how to determine licensed. General mainstream have a clear identity, I simply to talk about:

A. Canon: licensed top of the box has a security mark, scratch-off coating to telephone inquiries; box, warranty card, serial number of the body should be the same; the upper right corner of the triple warranty card, Canon laser anti-counterfeit labels, and The warranty card is in Chinese; instructions for the Simplified Chinese version.

Two. FUJI: sales FUJI licensed to have a Chinese menu, the menu is in English, so basic can be identified as parallel; packaging of licensed Chinese; licensed there is a simplified version of the instructions; warranty card, FUJI licensed to provide Fuji Chinese Simplified version of the warranty card, triple.

3. Minolta: You can call the Shanghai the Minolta free Hotline: 8008200077, the fuselage number to verify.

4. NIKON: NIKON no company in China, sales are relying on a few agents to be responsible, they are quantum, Rita, bright pool, the new Hong Wah. Each agent licensed identification method is not exactly the same, but there are still some way to distinguish. We first look at the warranty card, licensed warranty card is in English, covered with agent seal. Licensed have the Simplified Chinese manual. Some agents such as quantum security stickers posted in the box.

5 Olympus: Olympus machine using the Simplified Chinese menu, but there are very few products or English menu; followed the instructions and warranty cards are also simplified Chinese version; packaging side, Olympus is the Simplified Chinese version.

6. Can be found on the box of Sony: licensed stickers in Shanghai Soughing Wuxi Sony; on the warranty card on Soughing words; with simplified instructions. The only domestic sales in the Chinese market, Sony DC or DV, as long as it is the parallel imports. Can be seen in the packaging of the bar code on the word of CN1, if CN5 That is the parallel.

“7.Casio: scratch stickers on the packaging after the customer purchase the security label of the coating, the coating password query three ways:

A. Call 8008108315 toll-free inquiries or 010-64219000 query

Phones to send SMS to 80028315 (mobile), 90028315 (China Unicom) query

Note: a lot of good digital camera brand has its own website, as long as the landing site, enter the corresponding serial number, just a few seconds, can you buy DC or DV is not licensed. If you are from abroad or in Hong Kong and Macao with DV or DC, then it is best to ask whether there is warranty. As far as I know In addition to Panasonic, other brands of domestic non-warranty, Panasonic does not have a warranty of all products in the domestic. Now most of the maintenance department is contracted, no formal warranty, maintenance costs are high.

When buying a digital camera

The high pixel equal to the high quality photos?

Many users will buy a digital camera for the first time the pixels as the primary factor to consider, in their view, the pixel is to determine the basis of the level of quality of digital cameras, it seems that the high-pixel digital camera is bound to be high-quality shooting, in fact pixels and far from being proportional relationship between the quality is so simple.

To be sure - the pixel level of decision quality. Many factors affect the quality of digital cameras, which can directly affect the imaging quality factor is the lens, the optical camera or digital camera, the lens is the most can not be neglected one of the elements. Ordinary digital camera uses a CCD photosensitive, the area of its area than traditional film a lot, which the lens resolution requirements are more stringent, otherwise, even if there is a high number of pixels, the image quality will still be the lens of the reasons are relatively poor. In other words, the resolving power of the digital camera optical lenses must be better than the resolution of the CCD, so I chose the high-quality lens digital camera than simply see the pixels to be much more important.

The low noise of a clean screen is always accompanied by high-resolution?

The noise is the enemy of digital camera imaging quality, the average user will be the impression that a clean picture of the low-noise high-resolution effect means that the photo is always, in fact, for the digital camera, the situation is not so simple. Types of digital camera’s image sensor is a single, nothing more than a CCD or CMOS, which means JVC BN-VF714US Battery Charger that the signal of each other’s graphics engine is closer. Post-processing of image data created a different style of different brands and different series of models, which is what the manufacturers embodiment of the core technologies, especially large impact on the resolution of high and low degree of noise reduction technology R & D.

ISO higher the greater the noise?

Slightly experienced digital camera user shooting moving objects or shooting in a dark environment, sometimes using high sensitivity settings for shooting in high ISO number, the faster shutter speed, shooting up more easily, but sensitivity brought about by a screen noise will be increased, in fact this way, many digital camera users a headache dilemma, the light-sensitive low shot is not easy, less noise, high sensitivity, easy to shoot, and more noise. In general, high-sensitivity shooting photos we all had to narrow the resolution to appreciate, Then the noise on the photo was not so obvious, simple analysis of this is because a pixel on the image after narrowing from the original multiple pixel after the merger, in other words, the three noise into a noise, which is not very strict interpretation, but you can help us understand this phenomenon.

Each camera taken effect in the high sensitivity settings according to how many pixels the best, which requires the user’s own practical experience, we have to be a metaphor, in the setting of ISO400, may be 2 million pixel digital camera in 640 × 480 The minimum resolution setting the shot noise, while the 5 million-pixel digital camera in 1024 x 768 resolution setting will be able to get good results.

The higher the number of CCD pixels, can also faster focusing speed?

We take a look at the older digital camera, focus and speed of response is because ordinary digital camera in focus must be to read the CCD imaging signal once the eternal pain the hearts of the first generation of the high number of pixels digital camera. Pixels to improve means that every time the amount of data to read the CCD signal increases, the subsequent processing of focus, metering, LCD display also carry a heavy burden. Therefore, we can often see low pixel rate is often higher than the “big brother” of the high number of pixels in the digital camera series based on the same hardware platform.

Lithium battery energy density, small size, is the first choice for digital cameras powered?

We first have to understand what is the power-hungry digital camera, LCD screen, flash, image sensor and processing engine are power-hungry, and basically is unexpected, but in the moment of the work requires large current, the usual static The current is very small. This determines the power consumption characteristics of digital cameras, you need to power with a sudden high current supply capacity. From this point of view, the relatively low internal resistance of the battery is more suitable for use in digital cameras, it can significantly improve the response speed of the digital camera. Average charging time analysis from the flash, the camera ahead of a lithium battery, usually just three seconds, using Ni-MH battery models tend to be longer than 6 seconds.

However, in terms of capacity, lithium has a distinct advantage at all. Go to more than 2000mAh Ni-MH batteries have been developed in 2005, while the ordinary digital camera lithium battery capacity is often about 1000mAh. Universal Ni-MH battery and using a digital camera, at any time you can buy the emergency battery charger or at any time using someone else’s embarrassment is rarely run out of battery. Using a dedicated charger, charging time is often as little as four hours or less, catching up with lithium battery. The nickel-metal hydride battery with plenty of energy and nearly 1,000 charge-discharge life let it be the best value for money digital camera batteries.

Purchase six Mistakes

A blind fashion: fashion forward, but most people can not always keep up with the pace of fashion. So when buying a digital camera should be according to their needs and economic conditions within their means to buy.

Two cameras, the better more expensive: In a certain sense, this sentence is right. Because the camera is more expensive, which contains the technical content is higher, the use of components will be the better. For wage earners to buy a home digital camera, do not follow the price, then again, to consider their own needs and economic conditions.

3 camera bigger the better: the store’s digital cameras, large and small, what shape has. But not the camera the greater the volume, which contains more parts, more advanced camera. As technology advances, digital cameras are growing in small, growing in fashion

Lithium-ion battery research on relationship between Equalization and protection

Tue, 15 May 2012 21:08:44 -0400

n recent years, increasingly more of products used lithium ion battery do for main power, main is due to lithium ion battery has volume small, energy density high, no memory effect, cycle life high, since discharge rate low advantages; but while lithium ion battery on charging and discharging requirements is high, dang had filled, and had put, and had current and Panasonic Lumix DMC-ZS3 Battery Charger the short circuit, situation occurs Shi, lithium ion battery pressure and heat large increased, easy produced Sparks, and combustion even explosion, so, lithium ion battery no a exception to are plus has had charging and discharging protection circuit. In addition, when a lithium-ion battery charging and discharging when a group, taking into account the various inconsistencies of single cells, balancing measures can be taken to ensure security and stability. This article analyses the importance of balanced treatment, implementation, relationship and protection.

Balanced circuit

Balance is the significance of the use of electronic technologies, lithium-ion battery cell voltage deviation remain within the expected range, thus ensuring each single cell damage does not occur during normal use. If no balance control, with the increase of charge and discharge cycles, differentiation of the single battery voltage gradually, life will be greatly reduced.

Under normal circumstances, rechargeable lithium-ion battery cell voltage deviation in 50mV range is perfectly acceptable. Single cell voltage deviation caused single cells are the main reasons on the one hand there are differences, on the other hand electronic circuit for measurement of consumption as a result of.

There are many ways to balance, such as switched-capacitor balance method, method of a buck converter, the average voltage balancing method, not going to repeat here. Average Nikon Coolpix S640 Battery Charger voltage balancing method is used in this article, schematic diagram shown in Figure 1, figure of only a single cell is given in balanced circuit, every other single cells equipped with the same balanced circuit, amplifier by the single battery supply.

This idea of balance control circuit is: compared to the single battery voltage and average voltage of single cell, control power switch the battery voltage is higher than the average voltage of single cell separation. Therefore, all single cell voltage equalization circuit under the trend of average battery voltage.

Looks at the beginning of this circuit is open-loop control, in fact, due to the role of the internal resistance of the battery, balanced characteristics of closed-loop circuits with negative feedback. Balanced circuit in order to prevent battery discharge while you work, lower power switch Zener diodes in series, so that when the batteries to discharge, battery voltage the lower the loss of shunt circuit.

Protection and balanced relationship

Set current voltage of each battery for Vbati (i=1-7), maximum voltage of Vmaxi (i=l-7), the minimum JVC BN-VF823 Battery Charger voltage Vmini (i=1-7), always current-voltage Vall, total maximum voltage for the Vmax, total minimum voltage of Vmin. You have:

Total voltage and maximum unit voltage changes are closely related. So, our focus is placed on the rate of voltage change on the battery, select the seven relatively high match battery, convergence for all battery change, avoid as much as possible because a battery’s voltage rate of change caused by too large overall problem

NB of low power consumption and power management design challenges

Sun, 22 Apr 2012 21:27:30 -0400

Laptops can be said to be present in many electronic products, design is a product of two difficult. Require more light conditions, it also must have a par with desktop computer features, NB position more as entertainment, emphasizes the ability of audiovisual performance, its effectiveness is not taken lightly.

In addition to audiovisual-related processor, monitor, graphics card, sound card/chip components, such as foreign, including components such as hard disks, wireless modem capabilities are rising, while satisfying the generalized application of higher order still life of JVC GR-D370U Battery Charger NB maintained at acceptable levels, but will also extend the time, it’s up to the power management technology.

For most electronic devices, power management is occupies a very important position. NB for portable devices or embedded devices, power management, helps to extend battery usage time, and reduce heat; for a desktop machine or server, although there is no battery life limited, but also needed to lower electricity costs, it is important to avoid high heat and fan noise are difficult to live with.

Low-power design principles

To achieve low power consumption and power management design, must be from the individual components (even the transistor level) to the system as a whole is perfect considering the different levels, such as multi-level, hierarchical, logical schema level from the system or circuit level power management of point to reflect on the best practices, performance and power can do to achieve the best balance. This looks, power management seems to be a very complex task. As far as policy, true; but if in theory, actually, it is pretty simple. NB, it is made up of units such as CPU, hard drive, memory, the overall power consumption from the total power consumption of all subsystems. Therefore, to reduce power consumption, must start to consider the underlying chip power consumption.

A semiconductor chip power consumption from the dynamic power (Dynamic Power) and static power consumption (Static Power) two face. Dynamic power from the signal switch, power consumed in the operation, this load capacitor charging and discharging, and current during switching; static power consumption is produced when the component is in standby current leakage power consumption, and use of technology, the chip size and voltage of the transistor has a close relationship.

Power dissipation primarily by chip technology and design techniques to overcome, such as the use of special types of transistors to reduce gate circuit power consumption. Dynamic power consumption associated with the mode of the component operation, its power consumption formula is as follows:

Pdynamic = Capacitance×Voltage2×Frequency

From this equation we can see, dynamic switching of the power comes from the load capacitor charging and discharging, and current, voltage and power consumption are square, greatest direct impact on power consumption, which means that higher the voltage, the relative power consumption will also rise to series; lifting power for high speed frequency is also killer. Reduced voltage and frequency is the basic strategy of dynamic power saving, electronic industry also have proposed various response measures. Map showing frequency linear energy-saving benefits of change.

Photo: bring provinces benefits because the frequency change (LongRun-Transmeta power-saving technologies). (Source: Transmeta)

ACPI power management policies

On the PC/NB power management technology, received the most attention when is the advanced configuration and power interface (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface;ACPI) specifications. It is an open industry standard, HP, Intel, Microsoft, Phoenix, and Toshiba jointly develop and define a hardware identification, motherboards, and General device configuration and power management interface. ACPI first proposed in December 1996, the latest version was made in December 2006 3.0b specification.

ACPI core technology is carried out directly in the operating system configuration and power management (Operating System-based configuration and Power Management;OSPM). When the operating system supports ACPI device enters after initialization, OSPM would replace the existing system established by the old features, such as for example APM BIOS, PNPBIOS and SMM-base firmware. When finished, OSPM starts onboard device configuration management hosts the event and function based on user preferences, application requirements and operating systems of Panasonic DMW-BCJ13PP Battery Charger quality assurance (QoS)/goals and other factors to control the power, efficiency and thermal state of the system.

ACPI computer systems throughout the region (Global System States, Gx States), the power state of the device (device power state), Hibernate (sleeping mode) and device and processor, processor power state definitions of efficiency are made at multiple levels, PC or NB can be used depending on the different status by selecting the appropriate power management mode.

For a full system state, that is divided into States (G0 working), sleep (G1 sleeping), soft shutdown (G2/S5 soft off), of machinery shutdown (G3 Mechanical off), software under different condition of implementation of requirements, response time and low power consumption, and so on are different, please refer to (table a). In addition, ACPI device power state definition, including normal operation (D0), two low-power modes (D1, D2) and stops functioning (D3) four phases refer to (table II).

Processor power state of a device mode similar to the four stages divided into C0 to C3. C1 to C3 for energy saving mode; in C0 of normal operation State Xia, also can is divided into effectiveness State (Px) and throttle State (Throtting) two species power management mode, most of x86 processor only support throttle State, but new of CPU has stressed support effectiveness State has, so mode can more delicate to according to application needs to arrangements processor (or device) of effectiveness and power sexual. Effectiveness of State level is determined by the processor (or device) operators to define their own, efficiency can be divided into up to 16 States.

Another worthy of mention in the ACPI specification, meaning it’s definition of sleep mode. ACPI suspend mode is divided into five levels from S1 to S5, as the level increases, CPU, chipset, system memory, system cache function and other functions will be suspended. The S5 soft off (soft off) stage, even the operating system will stop working, to reply to work you must restart the operating system.

However, to let soft closed machine in again started Hou can reply to and using who originally same of work environment, in cut off system power Qian must will volatile sexual memory (as RAM) in the of content writes non-volatile sexual of store unit (as hard drive) in the, dang again started Shi, then will these data contains back memory in the, to reply to sleep Qian of State. However, implementation of Nikon MH-23 Battery Charger this model is the premise of the system hard disk has enough free space to hold the data in RAM. ACPI operating framework and change the paths refer to the figure, and the second three.

Protection and improvement of the UCC3895 controller

Sun, 18 Mar 2012 21:55:16 -0400

UCC3895 is produced by Unitrode Corporation a switching power supply PWM-ZVS for phase-shifted full-bridge control of new type control device, it is (UC3875) improved. Despite UCC3895 performance superior, has limited flow, and had flow protection, and power owes pressure protection, and benchmark owes pressure protection, and soft started/soft stop, function, but, in some situation Xia its function is enough perfect, still cannot meet actual application needs, this on UCC3895 of protection function for has detailed of analysis, and for its in two species situation Xia of insufficient on UCC3895 controller of application for has improved design.

The protective function of UCC3895

UCC3895 local internal protection circuit as shown in Figure 1.

Charts, EA for the error amplifier, CSC limited flow, OCC as over current comparators, DISC as no comparator, UVLOC, REFC, respectively for the power supply voltage hysteresis comparator and reference voltage comparators. CS-side to the external pin, SS-side current sensor output and soft start Capacitor respectively. Nikon Coolpix P100 Battery Charger Very smart, compact design, UCC3895 protection and integrated soft-start function, with a current-limiting, overcurrent protection, undervoltage protection, power supply base under voltage protection, soft start/soft stop function.

Analysis of current-limiting, overcurrent protection function

According to the logic of the figure 1 circuit analysis, when you VCS<2V, protecting circuit action, controller to work. The 2V

When you VCS>2.5V, OCC output high level, the higher level on the one hand by blockade or U2 port3 quickly chip, so that the main circuit stops working, on the other hand the U1 RS trigger reset 1, so as to allow the chip to maintain the embargo status, to avoid block-short-block system-short circuit damaged state of oscillation. Stop work as chip block, main circuit, short circuit was terminated, so bus current detection and signal quickly dropped to zero. U1 RS trigger reset after 1, 1 time reference for its outputs enable soft-start capacitor charging current shutdown, and make 10 times the reference current opening, therefore, VSS linear decline. When VSS drops below 0.5V, blockade through the DISC, U3 to chip a reset 1,A reset/unlock logical signal 11 U1 RS trigger reset, capacitor from discharging into the charge, VSS increases, State of remained blocked on the chip. When VSS after rising above the 0.5V, chip blockade was lifted, the system may return to normal work. Since then, if the fault is still not ruled out, like short circuit-protection process repeats, the difference is very small due to short circuit the VSS, so blocking status maintaining time is very short. Pspice9.1 simulation results as shown in Figure 2, can be seen from Figure 2, short circuit faults exist within 100us, short-circuit-protection process a total of 4 times.

Under voltage protection

In Figure 1, when the power supply voltages VDD below the reference voltage VREF 9V or less than 4V, UVLOC or REFC output low level, by on the one hand and non-U3, or U2 to the blocked signal. The main circuit to stop working immediately, on the other hand, with the M1 opened gate MOS within the U4 tube, VSS rapidly drops to near zero, low level by U3 of VSS enables a maintenance for high level, to avoid in or near the power supply voltage 10V reference voltage 4V frequent fluctuations in the vicinity when the main circuit is frequently open to close as a result of instability and possible damage. If the supply voltage has been below 11V, or VREF is consistently lower than 4V, then a Department has been maintaining a low level, chip has always blocked, main circuit has stopped working. If a power supply voltage rises to above 11V or when VREF rises to above 4V, M1 was shut, soft start capacitor and start to reference current source from 1 time charge, the system began to JVC GY-HD100U Battery Charger slow-start and soft-start again (UCC3895 data sheet said that since the resumption of soft-starting and stopping to “soft stop”). Low power supply voltage protection of Pspice simulation results as shown in Figure 3.

Illustration, from top to bottom, respectively blocked port3 port logic levels, analog power supply voltage (at around 900us~1100us due to voltage), switching power supply, SS/DISB-end voltage primary circuit main transformer original side output current and voltage waveforms.

UCC3895 protection is improved

For repeated improvement systems cannot be suspended in the case of short circuit

2.1 analysis of known, for the occasional moments of short circuit fault in power system (time duration of no greater than soft start capacitor discharge), the UCC3895 can be well protected, and soft-start, so controllers with self-recovery. However, if it cannot eliminate the main circuit overcurrent or short-circuit fault for a long time, system will be in frequent short-short circuit-protection-protection status, easily lead to damaged power system. To address this situation, on the protective function of UCC3895 as shown in Figure 4.

Figure, U1 and U2-each of the two 74HC161 into four and 12 binary counter, where the SYNC of the clock signal from the UCC3895 side of the U2. How it works is, at the beginning of system power-on, U3 through R3, C1, d trigger reset circuit consisting of G4, G5 is zero, D2 due, the system works. Counter U2 SYNC shierfen UCC3895 clock signal frequency, clock cycle to four to 12 times times U1 binary counter to zero. When the current sensor output voltage is greater than 2.5V, the comparator COMP1 output pulse, counter U1 counts. If zero out in any period, power stream number is less than 3 times, carry signals of U1 U3 output Q and c low level at all times, this part of the circuit is not working. If in a Qing zero week period within, power had flow number reached 3 times, is U1 of carry signal c output high level, c of rose along will led to U3 output Q is reset 1, and always keep down, to UCC3895CS end always for high level, system is hanging up to waiting for maintenance, so on avoid has system due to frequently repeat short circuit protection and damage, timing logic waveform as Figure 5 by shows.

As a special case, if the zero out a week before period, system has over current or shorted twice, zero out the next week period, such as short circuit continues to exist, the number reached three times the system is hung, in this case, the system flow most times and only five times in a row. By overhauling if confirm short circuit or over current fault had been ruled out, press the SW1,U3 is reset, systems and soft-start to work again. Circuits, counters, U1 and U2 are the binary can be used according to actual needs for adjusting the system.

Realization of soft-close function

On some occasions, needs to switch the power to stop and restart more frequently, frequently on the DC bus AC bus or switch out and closing, operation not only inconveniences, and frequent switching power supply and its load impact, affecting the power supply system, the life of the mechanical switch, also cause serious pollution to the power grid. UCC3895 SS/DISB features of the controller makes it easy to solve this problem, System soft close, that is delaying the shutdown process of Panasonic DMW-BCG10E Battery Charger the system as a whole. UCC3895 SS/DISB-side implementation of soft-close circuit as shown in Figure 6.

When you need to stop, s to +5V on the power supply, soft start capacitor charge by triode t discharge on the CSS, VSS/DISB will gradually decrease. Due to in UCC3895 internal, plus to PWM comparison device with phase end of voltage is errors zoom device output and SS/DISB Shang voltage both in the of smaller who, so dang VSS/DISB reduces to is less than VEAOUT Shi, accounted for empty than will by VSS/DISB to control, so accounted for empty than will gradually reduces to zero, dang VSS/DISB reduces to is less than 0.5V Shi, controller output completely is blockade, soft downtime eventually completed. When a restart is required, the s to “” on the t-stop, 1 time within the UCC3895 will charge the capacitor CSS reference current, again soft start. Resistor R1 will determine the size of the soft degree of downtime. The programme for “stepless” soft stop, smooth system shutdown process.

Closing remarks

This detailed analysis of UCC3895 protection and application of UCC3895 controller in switching power supply system design, to overcome the deficiencies in its application in two occasions, on switching power supply controller is designed with significance.

Approaches to realizing battery fast charge technology

Sun, 19 Feb 2012 19:57:49 -0500

1. improve battery design to reduce ohmic resistance

Fast charge of objectives set out in accordance with ALABC, requesting 100Ah starting battery in the 5min lead-acid battery capacity is filled from 20% per cent, is filled with power as 100x (0.5-0.2) =30Ah, the charging current should not be less than 30 ÷ (5 ÷ 60) =360A, 3.6 (a), when the ohmic drop battery for 360x6x =0.216V, the battery voltage up to 1.97+0.216+0.030+0.006=2.23V, not to the gassing voltage, battery while charging. Horizontal type seal lead-acid battery ohm internal resistance smaller, 0.3M ω 112Ah single battery, battery filled from 20% per cent in 5min need to charge current is 112x (0.5-0.2) ÷ (5 ÷ 60) =403A, ohmic drop the current charge of the battery for the 403x3x=0.121V, which are lower than the starting battery. It is clear that standard sealed lead-acid battery in charging to the gassing voltage can be filled with more power, is it quick charge performance better.

Our previous work has been, if using copper mesh lead-acid battery grids, you can significantly reduce resistance; this is conducive not only to improve the utilization of active substances and the battery power, but also improved the battery fast charge capability. Is copper mesh grid for lead-acid batteries will bring great benefits to electric vehicles.

2. increase the speed of reaction ion diffusion

This is to increase the diffusion current density of lead-acid batteries, which defer limit diffusion currents occur during battery charging time, delay time of battery voltage reaches gassing voltage, allowing the increase charge current, fast charge.

Plate thickness reduction, increasing active material porosity, increasing grid active substance in contact with the area, these measures are conducive to the diffusion of the reactants and products, reduce the concentration polarization, improves the charge current allowable value, for fast charging. But from battery life to consider, plates or too thin.

3. reform of battery charging method

Pulse fast charging methods by stacking in the charging current is the theoretical basis of a certain frequency, negative pulse width, height, or stop in for a short time the charge, to participate in the reaction of ions had time to build and improve their concentration, and generated before and ion moves away from near the surface, the combined effect of which is to reduce the concentration polarization, allowing increased charge current reduced charging time.

Should pointed out that, lead battery in charging process in the end voltage is constantly rise of, that is in different of charging stage battery of polarization distribution situation is different of, and in design pulse charging device Shi, should under battery charging Shi allows reached of voltage value to automatically regulation charging current and time; while also must in accordance with negative pulse discharge process in the battery voltage fell value to automatically regulation negative pulse of width and height. Although the charge current is large, but due to the timely and effective to take measures to reduce the concentration polarization, battery voltage rise is slow, battery charging into more power. Current development of intelligent charging device is designed after taking into account these circumstances.

4. the effects of fast charging on battery life

Fast charge current to the battery life is good or bad influence on the varied; different views of this surprising. This is because the battery life is not consistent in the first place, we observed in the test, even from the production line at the same time making a batch of batteries, its life cycle can differ by even 1 time; Furthermore, during long periods of life test, difficult to ensure that each batch of test batteries conditions remain the same. Although generally considered high-current charging will shorten the battery life, but was reported in the literature in the case of a properly cooled, valve-regulated lead-acid battery cycle life has improved because of high current charging.

Our tests showed, in keeping the battery charging voltage is lower than a gas under voltage conditions, high current fast charging and not to adversely affect battery life. Batteries for electric vehicles in use in the process, you can not charge at a time are filled to rated capacity of 100%, but every other week (preferably not more than half a month) batteries should be fully charged. Especially when electric cars not in use, should be saved after the battery is fully charged. This will help extend battery life.

Conclusion

(1) lead-acid batteries are cheap, use *, and long life, the battery itself is continually being updated and developed, so in the near future it is still viable power source for electric vehicles.

(2) battery ohm internal resistance is the main factor of the charging current when the battery voltage rises; structure reduces internal resistance of the battery must be improved to meet the demands of rapid charging of batteries for electric vehicles.

(3) use pulse charging and intelligent charging device, to reduce the concentration polarization, increasing charging efficiency.

Tidbits: crossing lanes "electronic police" working principle

Mon, 21 Nov 2011 21:35:45 -0500

1, the electronic eye uses induction line pressure of induction from the cars on the roads, by sensor signal collection to the central processing unit, to register the staging (valid for the data in a light cycle)

2, at the same time interval (red light cycles), if both have two pulse signals shall be regarded as > “in force”, simply put, is that if the red light at that time, your wheels cross the line, then the JVC AA-V16 Battery Charger wheels did not progress, only produced a pulse, when there are no two consecutive pulses, not taking pictures;

3, in some cases is: some people drive front wheel over the line, for fear of being photographed, so he does get off, returned to in-line, also is being photographed, why not? Just because a begin-end, producing a “pair” pulse signal (a pulse is produced in the same red light cycle), because that’s what I was lined up for n times, NND;

4, when the yellow light, camera system startup delay 2s; when the red light is on, the system has been started; when the green light to be lit, 2s before shutting down the system, mainly to prevent false positives. Many taxi drivers all know that almost can go, nothing like this. It is recommended that you do not do so, because timing is more difficult to grasp.

Post processing:

When the image was downloaded after transport command center, images need to be registered, numbering, notice, transfer > to a central computer database, called for various organs.

System features:

——-100% vehicle capture rate (excluding two-wheeled motorcycles).

——-Recognition time for about 1 second (more certainly than your reaction speed).

——-License plate recognition rates over 95% during the day, night more than 90% (high).

Applicable speed———5-180Km/h (if you open the 190 you’ll be able to run away, OH)

1 violation of principle of TV capture

There are two ways, one is underground inductive loop, a barrier erected on digital cameras, red light is used to Panasonic Lumix DMC-TZ1 Battery Charger capture, and the other is mounted camera used for speeding, ran a video in real time, parking, etc. Either way, for peccancy vehicles shot at least three pictures, an instant picture in violation, a is the license plate recognition picture, a is the panorama image. Either way, is 24 hours shooting pictures for time is generally one week.

2 violation processes

The command Center received pictures, license plate information and cheguansuo information will be compared, so as to bring up vehicle integrated information, such as owner, model, color, and so on, entry and information processing personnel in public security traffic management Bureau Web site, to enable violation of owner to query.

3, information loss problem

Not all vehicles in violation can be shot down, only license plate pictures a clear case, personnel to keep the vehicle in violation of information entered into the database for processing.

4, shooting ranges:

A camera is usually taken only one lane, a small number of two-lane, are generally located in number from left to Nikon Coolpix P300 Battery Charger right on the first and second lanes. A wide range of digital cameras shoot, so almost all of them can be photographed with in the city to all of the lanes.

5, how to avoid capture:

First, the most security-who is not in violation of.

Second, pay attention to road conditions, seeing Rails last in front of camera, be sure to slow down by.

Third, it is not recommended, and take the rightmost lane.

IV, doesn’t feel right when traffic management on site investigation, within a week, without notification, information is not processed.

V, if illegal parking are Panasonic Lumix DMC-TS2 Battery Charger posted, do not rush to make money, traffic on the Authority’s Web site on the first look.

Photo

Fri, 27 May 2011 21:35:22 -0400

Grasp the key moments in sports photography focusing skills

Fri, 27 May 2011 21:33:00 -0400

In sports photography, focusing is a difficult to master the techniques, this is because the sports photography of the absorbed object has a very strong movement, is very fast, it is unlikely to allow you to slowly to wonder, better focus. Professional sports photographers were taken to track focus: changing the focal length, let competitors at any Canon CG-580 Battery Charger time maintain a clear image in the viewfinder. However, it skills beginner photographers are hard to practice using perfect.

Easier way is through the camera’s AF system. Although the auto focus system can quickly focus on good, but if you use the wrong method, could not perform it’s utility. In other words, only the camera body is just enough to remain on the scene in the location box in the center of the window in order to achieve the purpose of accurate focusing. If the camera is equipped with the lens focal length is not very long, larger perspective, camera body movement is placed in the center of the viewfinder in the location box, fairly easy; if the camera the lens is equipped with more than 200 mm telephoto lens, due to the smaller the angle, it is necessary to track the absorbed, but also at the location box, may be very difficult. To accommodate this situation, may wish to change these habits can be temporarily regardless of how the viewfinder scope, only use location box tracking is taken, this feeling may be relaxed. If players shot was taken in locations outside of the center of the screen, but also to take advantage of automatic location system, should focus automatically lock device, fixed focus. If was taken is of fierce mobile time not allowed use of JVC GR-AX800 Battery Charger locking device, and composition is not required to be taken in a location other than the center of the screen is not available, at this point it must be lifted automatically focus to manual focus.

Making a sports photo there is also a common method of focusing, that’s the trap focus, that is, when absorbed into the intended focus, then press the shutter of the camera. Some advanced cameras, have this kind of performance. Trap focus is applied to sports photography, such as action to shoot jumpers flew over the bar by this method is ideal. When shooting, you can put a point focus adjustment in athletes might cross the rails and focus lock, move back and forth so that it no longer, and depending on the player when flying over the cross bar press the shutter, you can take to the high clarity of photos.

Worth saying is, if a photo taken at a rapid speed of movement, such as race, when we were using trap focus skills, must also be pressing the shutter in advance. That is the main body arrived at the venue before the moment of pressing the shutter. Shutter in advance, you can make up for the shutter to that period of time between shutter actually opens. Of course, currently has some advanced auto-focus cameras focus ability catch the racing speed, even if the car is at maximum speed from the transverse Gallop past on the screen, it can still be shot down. If you not clear before the shooting moving objects through which a little, but only through an area, then you can use area focus mode, high speed film for shooting as much as possible, depending on the lighting conditions and film speed, try to use a small aperture. When the focus, according to the lens on the depth of field table, within the scope of Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ20 Battery Charger this zone is in depth, focus on the exact one-third offices in the region close to the camera, because the prospect of deep less than deep background. Do this, you can get good results. If players appear in the far distance, can be hyper-focal length shot. From depth of field can be found in the table on the lens and aperture for shooting the depth range, and then turning the adjustable focus band, deep background signs at the adjustable focus band of infinity signs, which will make you get the most out of the aperture used in depth of field. If was taken far athletes will appear regularly in several different areas, available paper tape to make a circle, installed at a distance of over, it is best to use white paper, set above a few special regional tag, follow mark focusing before taking pictures, you can very quickly determine the focus position, does not work through the viewfinder focus.

Focus is of course in order to pursue the purpose of high quality images of, clear focus are the basic requirements. For beginners, however, require that each photo can focus clearly has a certain degree of difficulty, because the factors influencing the focus clearly there are many, if not properly grasped, it is difficult to obtain clear images. Here are a few good way to maintain a clear focus, for the beginner’s reference:

1. To prevent shock. Vibration makes image shake blur in photos, even if the original focus very accurate images, would affect the definition of knot like. Vibration of generally have two reasons:

First, camera shake, that is, when the shutter is pressed, camera because of controlled instability caused by shaking.

Second, main move, that is, at the moment of lens shutter opening, be taken subject is in motion, and the shutter speed is not high enough, no solidification dynamics, so image appear fuzzy.

To avoid camera shake, can then take action in three areas: ① place the camera on a tripod, steady camera. If limited by shooting conditions, unable to support a tripod, you can use a monopod. ② increased shutter speed (usually a 1/250 second shutter speed), will be able to reduce camera vibration generated image shaking. ③ adopt the correct machine. In the case of no tripod, machine posture of right or wrong, will directly affect the stability of the camera. Dynamic fuzzy was taken subject to overcome, only one, that is, increase the shutter speed, as long as conditions permit, shutter speed, the faster the better.

2. Not one-sided pursuit of small aperture. Beginners think small aperture will increase the depth, will certainly make the image clearer, so they often do not point, received the aperture is small, especially when the focus is not sure, more believe small aperture can help them help. But the end result is often not ideal, because a smaller aperture will result in reducing the shutter speed, and thus cause camera shake. Therefore, the one-sided pursuit of small aperture is not the best, the correct approach should be actively using a fast shutter speed and a tripod.

Japan photographic little Hisayasu Shin Ji in focusing has its own unique way. When shooting at a time, he is back on three cameras, the focus of the camera is determined to be: from its own location 10 metres away, with a 100 mm zoom lens, the focal length of Nikon Coolpix S50 Battery Charger 100; a distance of 20 metres away, with a 200 mm zoom lens, focal length 200; a distance of 30 metres away, with a 300 mm zoom lens, focal length, 300. In his view, this shot without distraction to adjust the focal length, which can visually determine the result to the camera.

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